How Do Key Card Door Entry Systems Work?
Key fob and key card door entry systems are a common security method for many businesses and have been around for at least a few decades. Key card access can be accomplished in different ways, whether swiping through a card reader, held up to a card reader or the push of a button on a key fob. Some access systems can also open with a smartphone app. Key card entry systems need three components to work, including:
- Credentials for access – key fobs and key cards are small electronic devices that grant access credentials to specific people. They contain a built-in sensor or chip that communicates to the access reader.
- Access reader – the access reader is the component that scans the card to verify access and gives instructions to unlock the door.
- Magnetic or electric door lock – magnetic or electric door locks allow the door to unlock from the signal received by the access reader.
Once a person gains access through a magnetic or electric door lock, the door shuts and returns to the locked position which once again requires key card access. Card reader access can be designed with various levels of access so different employees can access only certain areas. Group privilege can be given for certain events. Electronic card reader access also keeps track of who entered what area, and when, to further enhance security measures.
Types of Key Fobs and Key Cards
Here are the most common types of key fobs and cards used to control access:
Wiegand Key Cards – developed in the 1970’s, these access cards store unique binary data that cannot be reprogrammed by magnetic fields often used with legacy security systems. These types of access cards are becoming outdated although with simple technology they can be a bit more durable without the use of microchips. The Wiegand protocol, however, is a standard interface and even new access security systems convert data to a Wiegand identifier.
Key Cards to Swipe – a swipe key card looks like a classic credit card with a magnetic strip holding data for credentials along one edge of the card. Employees simply swipe the card through a magnetic reader to unlock a door. Swipe key cards are easy to use, all transactions are fully traceable and provide an inexpensive solution for businesses with many employees. This type of entry system may not be ideal in places with high traffic as bottlenecks can occur or from areas that must be accessed from a car door window which might be difficult. Swipe cards can also experience wear over other types of access systems and may require more maintenance.
RFID Cards and Fobs – Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) fobs or cards transmit stored data to an access reader on a radio frequency. Different frequency ranges can be designed to allow for various levels of security access. RFID fobs and proximity cards typically need to be in close proximity to the access reader. RFID security systems can also incorporate a keypad for a two-factor authentication. Smart cards use Near-Field Communication (NFC) to transmit data, use encryption for increased security and have more storage than RFID cards.
HRSS is your leading fire and life safety system expert in the Chicago area, offering comprehensive services including fire alarm design, full services and UL listed equipment. We offer decades of experience and in-depth expertise in all fire alarm and life safety code regulations as well as the best way to implement them for your business and building type. Contact your fire and life safety system specialist, HRSS, to learn more about key card access security systems.